鼩鼱的毒液会迅速引起循环障碍、痛觉缺失和运动功能减退
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
(
IF
6.2
)
Pub Date : 2022-01-06
, DOI:
10.1007/s00018-021-04116-x
Zhiyi Liao
1,
2
,
Xiaopeng Tang
1
,
Wenlin Chen
3
,
Xuelong Jiang
4
,
Zhongzheng Chen
4
,
Kai He
4
,
Quan Li
4
,
Zilei Duan
1
,
Xiaoqin He
1
,
Peter Muiruri Kamau
1,
2
,
Longbao Lv
1
,
Zhiye Zhang
1
,
Mingqiang Rong
1
,
Qiumin Lv
1
,
Ren Lai
1
Affiliation
Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
No.1 Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University & Yunnan Tumor Hospital, kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China.
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
鼩鼱等真蜱目哺乳动物的多种代表都具有口腔毒液系统。毒液有助于鼩鼱捕猎和/或囤积猎物。然而，人们对它们的毒液成分知之甚少，尤其是在昏迷状态下囤积猎物以满足极高代谢率的机制。从鼩鼱Blarinella squarecauda的有毒颌下腺中鉴定出一种毒素 (BQTX)。 BQTX 在器官中专门分布且高度浓缩（约 1% 总蛋白）。 BQTX 与蛇、黄蜂和蜗牛的毒素具有结构和功能相似性，这表明哺乳动物和非哺乳动物的毒液具有进化相关性。通过增强凝血酶和因子 XIIa 并抑制纤溶酶，BQTX 可诱发急性高血压、凝血和运动功能减退。它还通过抑制弹性蛋白酶而显示出强大的镇痛功能。值得注意的是，该毒素在体内半衰期为 16 小时，可保持较高的血浆稳定性，这可能会延长中毒时间，从而麻痹或固定新鲜囤积的猎物以供以后食用，并最大限度地提高觅食利润.
"点击查看英文标题和摘要"
Shrew's venom quickly causes circulation disorder, analgesia and hypokinesia
Multiple representatives of eulipotyphlan mammals such as shrews have oral venom systems. Venom facilitates shrews to hunt and/or hoard preys. However, little is known about their venom composition, and especially the mechanism to hoard prey in comatose states for meeting their extremely high metabolic rates. A toxin (BQTX) was identified from venomous submaxillary glands of the shrew Blarinella quadraticauda. BQTX is specifically distributed and highly concentrated (~ 1% total protein) in the organs. BQTX shares structural and functional similarities to toxins from snakes, wasps and snails, suggesting an evolutional relevancy of venoms from mammalians and non-mammalians. By potentiating thrombin and factor-XIIa and inhibiting plasmin, BQTX induces acute hypertension, blood coagulation and hypokinesia. It also shows strong analgesic function by inhibiting elastase. Notably, the toxin keeps high plasma stability with a 16-h half-life in-vivo, which likely extends intoxication to paralyze or immobilize prey hoarded fresh for later consumption and maximize foraging profit.
更新日期：2022-01-06